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Bill Conti: fifty years of Rocky, melody and Italian American pride

Bill Conti: cinquant’anni di Rocky, melodia e orgoglio italoamericano

Rocky steps out of his house before dawn, while the city is still wrapped in silence. At that moment, he isn't a champion. He's a loser. He's alone. Then the trumpet of "Gonna Fly Now" begins to play. Rocky starts running without stopping, turning every drop of sweat into a declaration of defiance against fate. He runs through South Philadelphia's Italian Market, pushes beyond his limits, and finally reaches the steps of the Philadelphia Museum of Art. He climbs them one by one, and when he reaches the top, he raises his arms to the sky. That is where one of the greatest legends in movie history is born - not in the boxing ring. It is born, perhaps above all, because of that music.

I don't know if there's anyone in the Western world who hasn't seen that scene. I don't know if there's anyone who doesn't instantly recognize those notes. The main figures behind it are Italian Americans. If Sylvester Stallone changed the history of world cinema with Rocky exactly 50 years ago, then Bill Conti did the same for the history of film music with "Gonna Fly Now." Nominated for an Academy Award the following year and, inexplicably, not honored with the Oscar, it isn't just a theme song: it is the theme song. It was written by a great Italian American who, to me, is nothing short of a true legend. I owe a heartfelt thank you to my friend Tito Schipa Jr. for making this conversation with Bill possible. My deepest thanks to both of them.

Bill, on behalf of the entire We the Italians community and personally, thank you for your music, and welcome. It is an honor and a privilege to speak with you. You were born into an Italian American family and also lived and worked in Italy before making your way to Hollywood. How have your Italian roots influenced the way you compose music and express emotion? Is there something deeply Italian in your music?

Absolutely. I grew up in a completely Italian household. Both my mother's and my father's families were Italian, so life inside our home was very different from life outside it.

My grandfather, Arcangelo Raffaele Conti, was born in 1885 in Pico, a tiny town south of Frosinone. He came to America as a young man, started a family there, and he played the trumpet. My father was a musician, too. He taught me solfeggio, and there was music everywhere in our house. There were stories about Italy everywhere, too.

One of my favorite memories is my father sitting at the piano while he and my grandfather sang opera together. One would sing the women's parts, the other the men's parts. Looking back, I realize how unusual that was. I don't think many households - Italian, American or otherwise - were like that. But that's how I grew up. Of course, we loved Beethoven, Mozart and Bach. But Puccini and Verdi were alive in our home. They weren't composers we admired from a distance - they were simply part of our daily lives.

Outside the house, though, I was an American kid. I went to American schools, played with American friends and grew up in American culture. You can't separate yourself from that.

The funny thing is that you don't really understand what it means to be Italian American until you actually live in Italy. I was fortunate enough to do that. My two daughters were born in Rome, and living there changed my perspective completely.

As Italian Americans, we're taught to be proud of our heritage. Many Italian Americans have never even been to Italy, and yet they'll defend Italy with all their heart. I understand that feeling because I had it myself. But once you actually walk those streets, live there and experience everyday life, your relationship with Italy changes. Mine certainly did. Ironically, living in Italy also made me realize just how American I am. That's simply the culture you grow up in. Even if Italian was spoken at home, I still grew up in America.

So, in my case, living in Italy confirmed something important: being Italian is much more than blood. It's a culture, a way of seeing the world, and something you understand much more deeply once you've lived it.

Fifty years ago, Rocky was released, a film that would become a symbol of the American Dream. What do you remember about your first meeting with Sylvester Stallone? When did you realize the film would have such an extraordinary impact?

Our first meeting? Two Italian American kids over a tuna fish sandwich in the MGM commissary. Sylvester had written the screenplay and he was starring in the film, but he was completely unknown at the time. He wasn't directing it, but he had very strong feelings about what the music should express.

The thing is, you can tell a composer how you feel. You can describe emotions. But you can't sing the music - that's my job. A picture may be worth a thousand words, but it isn't worth a thousand feelings. My responsibility is to put those feelings into music.

Looking back, I know that growing up with Italian opera shaped the way I approached that challenge. Opera was always playing in our house. Those great emotional struggles you find in Puccini and Verdi stay with you. Sometimes, if you simply read the plot of an opera, it almost sounds ridiculous. But then the music begins, and suddenly you're crying, or laughing, or hoping the hero somehow survives. That's the power of music. It makes you care.

People have understood that for thousands of years. The ancient Greeks believed different musical modes could influence different human emotions. Whether they were preparing for battle or expressing love, they believed music carried meaning. I've always believed that, too. And that's what I tried to bring to Rocky.

Gonna Fly Now is one of the most iconic themes in film history. How did that piece come to life?

People often imagine that I sat down one day and wrote a song called Gonna Fly Now. That's not how it happened. With film music, you need the movie first. You need to see the picture because everything depends on timing. A piece of music has to fit the film, not the other way around.

So I never even read the screenplay. That wouldn't have helped me. Once the film was nearly finished, they brought me the footage, and I started writing. I came up with a very simple little theme.

For the first nine reels of the movie, that theme appears in different forms. Then we reached the training montage. The director asked me for about a minute and a half of music so he could edit the sequence. A montage is made up of lots of short pieces of film, and rhythm helps the editor put everything together. So I simply took that little theme and played it faster.

I recorded it, brought it to the director on a cassette, and he synchronized it with the film. After a minute and a half he looked at me and said, "I need another thirty seconds." So I went back to the piano and wrote another thirty seconds. Then he wanted another thirty. And another. Little by little, that minute and a half grew into three minutes. I never set out to write a song. The music simply kept growing because the film needed it.

Only after that did Sylvester say, "Maybe we should say something here." Lyrics were already being written for other songs in the movie, so we asked Carol Connors and Ayn Robbins to write something for this piece. But John G Avildsen, the director, didn't want many words. Rocky is getting stronger, getting better, but the music should carry the story. The lyrics just needed to support it, not explain it.

So the song came together piece by piece - almost like stitching together a quilt. That's how Gonna Fly Now was born.

The music of Rocky captures an America built on hard work, hope, and redemption. Do you think that score also reflects something of the Italian immigrant experience?

I would never say Italians built America by themselves. A lot of different people built America. But Italians certainly helped build it. They came here without speaking the language. They had to overcome prejudice, adapt to a completely different culture and prove themselves every single day.

That wasn't easy. And yet they helped build the skyscrapers. They fed the country. They created businesses. They contributed to industry, to food, to design, to culture - to the American way of life. They didn't just learn America. In many ways, they helped teach America, too.

They brought their traditions, their craftsmanship, their food, their sense of beauty, their way of designing things and looking at life. Wherever you go in this country, you can still see what Italian immigrants left behind. Their mark is everywhere.

Is there a behind-the-scenes story from Rocky that the public doesn't know? Perhaps something from the recording sessions or your collaboration with Stallone that you remember especially fondly?

One memory has stayed with me all these years. At the very end of filmmaking, dialogue, sound effects and music all have to be mixed together. We were still finishing the final reel while the premiere screening had already started.

The fight sequence was especially complicated, so we were literally mixing the last reel while people were already watching the beginning of the movie. When we finally finished, the producers, the director, Sylvester, the mixing crew and I quietly slipped into the back row of the theater. We came in during the ninth reel. That meant we had missed everything - the audience's reactions to the opening scenes, the jokes, the emotional moments. We had no idea how they were responding.

Then came the training montage. And when it ended... The entire audience stood up. Every single person. The only people still sitting were us in the last row.

We looked at each other wondering, "What's happening?" We could feel the energy in the room, but we hadn't experienced the journey that had brought the audience to that moment. All we knew was that suddenly everyone was on their feet. Honestly, our mouths were on the floor.

That was the first moment we realized something extraordinary might be happening. We looked at each other and thought, "If this keeps happening... we're in trouble." And by "trouble," of course, I mean the best kind of trouble you could ever hope for.

You have composed music for films, television and major international events. You won an Academy Award. At what point in your career did you feel most proud to represent your Italian heritage?

Without a doubt, Rocky was that moment. I'd done other work before, but in this business you need a breakthrough. If you don't have a hit, it's very difficult to keep moving forward. Rocky was my breakthrough.

And it wasn't just successful - it became part of people's lives. Fifty years later, people still know that music. They still respond to it. They still feel something when they hear it. That's a pretty remarkable thing. I'm very proud of that.

What advice would you give today to a young Italian American composer who dreams of an international career without losing touch with their roots?

I'd tell them to never lose sight of the melody. Music is made of rhythm, harmony and melody. But we Italians sing. We don't beat drums. We don't hum. We sing. That's our tradition.

If you think about the great Italian composers, what stays with you is the melody. A great melody can tell you who a character is. It can express nobility, beauty, love, hope - things that rhythm or harmony alone simply can't do. Melody carries the emotion.

So if a young Italian American composer wants to honor that heritage, my advice is simple: write beautiful melodies. They're all around you. You just have to open your ears.

Today, millions of people associate your music with determination and perseverance. How does it feel to know that Gonna Fly Now has become much more than a film score - almost a universal anthem of hope?

I'm grateful that it means something to people. I don't really think about it in terms of what it does for everyone else. Like anybody else, I still have to keep going. I still look for inspiration. Sometimes I find it in other people's music, just as people seem to find something in mine. That's one of the wonderful things about music - it belongs to whoever needs it.

If Gonna Fly Now has become an anthem of hope or perseverance, I'm honored. But what people are really hearing are my feelings. Those feelings were real when I wrote the music. And if they're still reaching people today, fifty years later, that's the greatest compliment a composer could receive.

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