Italy has the unenviable fortune of having lived through not one, but two lost decades. Italy, among other things, has several depressing primates, such as one of the most anaemic levels of growth, one of the lowest occupational rates in Western Europe, including for women and young.

Italy still continues to invest too little in education, while increasing numbers of young people migrate to other countries to fulfil their aspirations. Moreover, investment in research and development is also depressingly low, as well as investment in other infrastructure.