Italy’s economy continues to reflect a strong and structured presence of the state in strategic industries, a feature that sets it apart from many other Western economies. Public shareholdings remain a central pillar of national production, employment, and profitability, confirming that government participation is not marginal but deeply embedded in the country’s economic framework.
As of the end of 2024, the Italian state directly controlled 45 major companies operating across industry and services. Together, these firms generated consolidated revenues of about €312 billion, equal to roughly 14.2% of national GDP.
