Lee Casazza (author of the book "Big Mamma's Italian-American Cookbook")

La cucina italoamericana: We the Italians like it!

May 22, 2016 3128 ITA ENG

In our journey between Italy in the US it's time we address one fundamental topic regarding the relationship that links our two countries: the Italian American cuisine. It is a delicate, important topic, and so we decided to interview somebody who has written a book about it.

Lee Casazza is the author of "Big Mamma's Italian-American Cookbook", featuring 116 recipes prepared by her and three generations of the Casazza and Noviello families. She also has a blog, here. We thank Lee and her husband Bob for their patience and for sharing their passion for the Italian American cuisine with our readers and us.

Lee, please let's take a trip down memory lane. First of all: how, and why, and when was the Italian American cuisine born?

The Italian Americans were skilled at making from the very most from the very least and they brought with them diverse traditions of food and recipes. They were particularly identified with the regional origins in Italy and adjusted them with the characteristics of their new home. This included different ingredients and new dishes related to new food and to the local taste of the new places they lived. This American food and recipes later spread across the country and became Italian American food.

Italian Americans were proud of their heritage, they loved food and family. They honoured what they valued and they were integrating into the American society. More than any other ethnic group, Italians were probably best known and eventually loved for the food they created. This introduced Americans to the Italian lifestyle: from nonna's kitchens, family bakeries, pizzerias and restaurant. Italian American food defined the joy of being Italian in America. Sunday dinners for Italian American families were special events, full of memories and love. The food brought them together.

Which are the most famous recipes of the Italian American cuisine?

Let me start with Eggs in Purgatory. The eggs represent the souls of the human beings and the fiery tomato sauce surrounding the eggs represent their suspension between heaven and hell.

There's Veal or Chicken Parmesan; Stromboli, it's similar to calzone. That is also our family favourite, it is called "Sunday Gravy", because it is cooked all day and served with meatballs, beef, (or you can add braciole) and Italian sausages. 

Then there's Chicken Cacciatore with polenta. And Chicken Vesuvio, that's chicken baked with potatoes and oregano, and the chicken skin gets very dark. There's also grinders or panini, hot or cold, with different salami.

Then there's Fettuccine Alfredo: it's pasta with a cream sauce with butter and cheese. And shrimp scampi, which are large shrimps salted with butter, garlic, olive oil, erbs and chili peppers. We have Marinara Sauce, a simple tomato based red sauce. We have Garlic Bread; we have Shrimps Frà Diavolo, that's a very spicy tomato sauce with lots of chili peppers, with shrimps cooked in it.

Of course all Americans favourite is Spaghetti and Meatballs. That was also our family favourite, it was called "Sunday gravy", because we used to cook it all day, and then eat it together with meatballs, beans and Italian sausages.

We in Italy eat fish on the night before Christmas, and this is where the Feast of the Seven Fishes comes from. But we never heard about seven different fishes for that night, that's why this is a typical Italian American tradition. Which are the seven fishes, and how are they cooked?

The way the Italian Americans do it has seven different small seafood dishes ... they don't have to be fish, the important is that it's something from the sea. Some families do seven for the seven sacraments. Some do ten for the stations of the cross. And some families do thirteen for the twelve apostles and Jesus. So there's not one single standard recipe.

There is Baccalà, salt cod salad or salt cod with tomatoes; pasta with sardines or anchovies; clams on a hot shelf with oregano and bread crumbs. Sometimes they can have shrimp scampi, or lobster Frà Diavolo or stuffed calamari marinara, which are stuffed with seafood and cooked in marinara sauce. But these are just some of the fishes that you can find, it is different from family to family.

Perhaps the most famous Italian American pizza is Pepperoni Pizza: but the term "pepperoni" doesn't exist in Italian. We have "peperoni", but that's plural of "peperone", the Italian word for bell pepper. We the Italians who come visit the US are always very confused about this ...

Maybe Americans too get confused when they go to Italy and they order a pepperoni pizza ... and they get a pizza with bell peppers on it! So Pepperoni Pizza, with two "p"s, is a pizza with on top a spicy salami that's finely sliced and has paprika in it. Pepperoni Pizza is the most popular pizza in the US, always on the top of the list in any Italian American Pizzeria. And I think that only if someone has travelled to Italy knows that it doesn't exist, there. A very few Americans, maybe one out of ten, don't know that's not an Italian pizza.

But my favourite Italian American pizza is the Brooklyn Pizza, which is similar to the Italian Margherita pizza. It's with tomato sauce and mozzarella.

What if I ask you what's the main concrete difference between the Italian American cuisine and the real Italian one?

In the Italian American cuisine, the pasta can be the main course and this reflects the original Italian peasant cuisine. We don't always serve the Italian traditional antipasto (appetizer), primo (first course), secondo (second course), contorno (side dish), frutta e dolce (dessert) and caffè (coffee).

The Italian American cuisine uses more garlic, and with pasta often being our main course we usually have a larger portion of pasta. For special events like the Sunday dinners, sometimes we would put pasta first and then we have meat. But I think that's the main difference is that we eat more pasta as main course.

In general, I think that Italian cuisine it's simpler: the Italian Americans put more ingredients in our pastas, in our sauces, in our dishes. Most of them do so, but there are plenty of Italian Americans families that keep on the tradition of simple and fresh, too.

Which products are best for the Italian American cuisine: original Italian ones or American?

In the late 1800's, when the immigrants came, of course they didn't have imported products so they had to go to the local markets in the big cities and find whatever they could cook to make their dinner. But today Americans get more Italian products than ever before like DOP labelled San Marzano tomatoes, or real Parmigiano Reggiano cheese, or Extra Virgin Olive Oil or pastas from Napoli. We would always prefer to get the products from Italy.

We've been talking to thousands of passionate Italian Americans through the years, and there's something that divides the community in two: "Sauce or gravy?". Why is this so important to so many people, and what's to you, sauce or gravy?

Well, I read a lot of Italian American pages and I see many people post their comments about this: "No, in our family it's sauce" or "No, in my family it's gravy". So, in my husband's family, Sunday's tomato sauce is cooked in stove for about five hours with meatballs, sausages, ribs, braciole: they called it "Sunday gravy". And when you made a quick, fresh tomato sauce and you put shrimps or clams, that was called "Tomato sauce". But the all-day cooking traditional sauce on the stove for about five hours on the Sunday, that's what we call the "Sunday Gravy".

But this is just about my experience. I know of other families that call it "Sauce", and I don't know if there's one right and one wrong: it's just that people grew up with this important traditional part of the lunch or dinner, calling it either "Gravy" or "Sauce" ... as it's something related to family traditions, something almost sacred, some of us are very strongly opinionated about this.

Italian American cuisine is not very well known in Italy: but those who talk about it are not enthusiast. Please, convince our Italian fellows why it is good and we should give it a chance

Well, first of all let me tell you that I really love Italian food! But because of the tradition of my husband's family I still love Italian American food and my children were brought up on it. It's a cuisine that evolved out of necessity and Italian Americans made the most they could with what was available. Pasta was inexpensive, and the absolute favourite was spaghetti and meatballs.

I love both cuisines and I had Italian friends from Positano come to our house and they loved the traditional Italian American food I cooked; and we would tradeoff, because my daughter was married to an Italian cook from Positano and he would cook for us too. So, I think that the Italian American cuisine is something that shows how the Italians became Americans, through many difficulties, but without losing their love for Italy. That's why I think that the Italians should try to appreciate the Italian American cuisine.

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